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Their primary contacts were the Mandan and Hidatsa people, located in
five villages on the upper Missouri near the Knife River confluence. These
tribes were semi-sedentary, agricultural bands who lived in earth lodges.
Before and after the advent of the Corps of Discovery, these tribes were
the focal point of trade between other Native Peoples, some of them as
distant as the central and southern plains. Other  tribes
with whom they had contact in North Dakota included Dakota and Yanktonai
bands, and just south of the present-day North Dakota- South Dakota border,
the Arikara. The Arikara are a Caddoan-speaking people who were related
to the Pawnee of the central plains. After repeated conflicts with the
Mandan and Hidatsa, as well as the Sioux, the Arikara made peace with
her northern neighbors and eventually joined them at Like-a-Fish-Hook
village near Fort Berthold in the mid-1840's. Like-a-Fish-Hook was
abandoned after allotment began and today it is under the waters of Lake
Sakakawea.
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